Intangible Assets Essay -- Business, Accounting

INTRODUCTIONAccording to Yales School of Management Robert Swieringa (1997), We come to an age of technology, information, and world-wide competition with a financial accounting model that was fashioned almost 100 years ago. That same accounting model continues to evolve today. One plain in particular is with accounting for intangible assets.In the business sector, assets are important economic resources and are classified as either tangible or intangible. Tangible assets are easily seen as physical objects that include items such as buildings, machinery, vehicles, and fixtures. Because of their nature, tangible assets are straightforwardly accounted for on financial statements. However, intangible assets cigaretnot be seen and when it comes to accounting for them, a major issue that has plagued the business world for m all years is how to recognize and account for them (Hadjiloucas and Winter, 2005). What this says is that the financial statements of one comp whatever will vista different in another territory using their accounting rules. With that said, this paper will examine how intangible assets are currently viewed and accounted for as well as any changes to the accounting model.INTANGIBLE ASSETSIntangible assets can no longer be overlooked. Eighty percent of the market value of public companies is made up of intangible assets (Osterland, 2001). In fact, the Harvard Management Update (2001) points out that the value of intangible assets, on average, has become three times greater than physical assets. Accounting issues associate to intangible assets have always been present, but now these issues are being moved to the forefront. Despite the many years that businesses and regulating bodies have wrangled with the nature of... ... agree deal. Furthermore, both U.S. GAAP and IFRS expense internally generated assets. IAS 38 differentiates between research and development and all costs pertaining to research are expensed as they are incurred. However, any costs seen during development are only capitalized when a firm demonstrates that certain criteria are met. As a result, according to Hadjiloucase and Winter (2005), after an acquisition any profits downstairs U.S. GAAP take an immediate hit, while profits under IFRS take a few years to smooth over.In comparison, under U.S. GAAP, any costs that are internally generated are not capitalized unless a specific rule requires it. An example of this would be with the development of software. Under U.S. GAAP, software can be distinguished between software that is developed for sale to third parties and software that is developed for internal use.

Why Hester Is A Whore :: essays research papers

Adulterous relationships always end in pain. Examples of such pain are move over through divulge the intricate blade of time. From Shakespeares star-crossed lovers, to the media buffet of Bill Clinton, adultery leaves pain. Hester embodies this pain. Not in pity and in cause. She embodies pain. Pain of loss, suffering. The pain of adulterous relationships. The oecumenic wronging of adultery is deserving of such pain. Even in present times, with views much lax than puritan epoch, the wrong exists in full force, and just as deserving. Nathaniel Hawthorns "The ruby Letter" deals in the evaluator of adultery.Wronging. This simple word exemplifies all things that one could do to destroy any sort of bond between two objects. A politician wrongs a public, a teacher wrongs a student, a boss wrongs an employee. A wife wrongs a husband. Wronging is universal in its presentation. The act which juxtaposes the wrong go on unimportant, its the simple wronging which exists most cor poreal. Hester wronged. She wronged much than her husband, but deeper, she wronged herself, and because of her times she wronged her god. Wronging deserves punishment. "Before the ugly edifice, and between it and the wheel-track of the street, was a grass plot, much overgrown with burdock, pigweed, apple peru, and such unsightly nail in the landed estate that had so early borne the black flower of civilized confederation, a prison." Almost parallel to Hesters deserving of pain stands a prison. born(p) out of civilized society springs a prison, a home of villainy. A breading ground for the wrong. What building more deserving, and what woman? Hester became a prison. Holding in the wrongness of her sin. Her justice was to carry out its sentence. "It may be less soothing than a sinless conscience. That I cannot give you." Truly spoken from Nathaniel Hawthorns text. Hesters wronging was her cross to keep and hers alone. Much like when deliverer made a walk to his ow n crucifixion, so must Hester, deserving, make a walk through life intention her A shaped cross.     However, piety is a rather minor reason for her rightful punishment. The feelings and morals of the time dictate right and wrong. Presently we have determine and views quite different than those of Hesters period, but the wrongness of her act of adultery remain universal. Even to this day, with views much lax of those Puritans in question, her wrong remains quite acute. wherefore Hester Is A Whore essays research papers Adulterous relationships always end in pain. Examples of such pain are present throughout the intricate web of time. From Shakespeares star-crossed lovers, to the media buffet of Bill Clinton, adultery leaves pain. Hester embodies this pain. Not in pity but in cause. She embodies pain. Pain of loss, suffering. The pain of adulterous relationships. The universal wronging of adultery is deserving of such pain. Even in present times, with views much lax than puritan epoch, the wrong exists in full force, and just as deserving. Nathaniel Hawthorns "The Scarlet Letter" deals in the justice of adultery.Wronging. This simple word exemplifies all things that one could do to destroy any sort of bond between two objects. A politician wrongs a public, a teacher wrongs a student, a boss wrongs an employee. A wife wrongs a husband. Wronging is universal in its presentation. The act which juxtaposes the wrong remain unimportant, its the simple wronging which exists most corporeal. Hester wronged. She wronged more than her husband, but deeper, she wronged herself, and because of her times she wronged her god. Wronging deserves punishment. "Before the ugly edifice, and between it and the wheel-track of the street, was a grass plot, much overgrown with burdock, pigweed, apple peru, and such unsightly nail in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society, a prison." Almost parallel to Hesters dese rving of pain stands a prison. Born out of civilized society springs a prison, a home of villainy. A breading ground for the wrong. What building more deserving, and what woman? Hester became a prison. Holding in the wrongness of her sin. Her justice was to carry out its sentence. "It may be less soothing than a sinless conscience. That I cannot give you." Truly spoken from Nathaniel Hawthorns text. Hesters wronging was her cross to bear and hers alone. Much like when Christ made a walk to his own crucifixion, so must Hester, deserving, make a walk through life bearing her A shaped cross.     However, religion is a rather minor reason for her rightful punishment. The feelings and morals of the time dictate right and wrong. Presently we have values and views quite different than those of Hesters period, but the wrongness of her act of adultery remain universal. Even to this day, with views much lax of those Puritans in question, her wrong remains quite acu te.

Financial Report of Loewen Group Inc. Essay -- Finances Accounting Bus

Financial Report of Loewen Group Inc.The Loewen Group Inc. was founded in 1969. The beau monde has two majorheadquarters in North America, one in Burnaby, British Colombia and a second inCincinnati, Ohio. Loewen Group Inc. (L.G.I.) is the largest funeral servicesenterprise in Canada and is the second largest company in the North AmericanFuneral Services Industry. L.G.I. owns 918 funeral homes and 269 cemeteries andalso engages in the pre-need selling of funeral services including cemetery andcremation services. The company strives on respecting its Eagle Principle,which is displayed on the first page of its 1995 Annual Report To soar to heights of possibilities one needs two equallyhealthy, strong wings - one being that of battalion or service concerns, the otherthat of responsible planning and fiscal management. It is the balance of thesewings that enables the eagle to soar beyond all heights1 In 1995, the company defended itself against two major lawsuits, as wellas continued to negotiate acquisition agreements. The Loewen Group Inc.stresses that once an acquisition has been completed, local management is advance to remain and offers long term contracts to its key employees, rarelydismissing the other employees. L.G.I. provides many services to its acquiredcompanies including offering training to new employees on its managementinformation systems and cover costs for any renovations which are needed onthe acquired locations. Each funeral home and cemetery is ope placed as adistinct profit centre, with monthly and annual financial performance monitoredby regional and corporate management in accordance with budgeted projections. This report includes a study of The Canadian Funeral Services Industrypractices, a brush up of the take-over attempt by Service CorporationInternational, an analysis of the Loewen Group Inc. 1995 Annual Report for theperiod ending December 31, 1995, and examination of the revenue recognitionpractices utilize by L. G.I..The Funeral Services IndustryAccording to a paper issued in August 1995, by Statistics Canadas Services,Science and technology Division Final Purchase, Growing pauperization The CanadianFuneral Services Industry, the funeral services industry, in comparison to otherindustries, has historically been considered a low risk industry. The Fu... ...adian Funeral ServicesIndustry. APPENDIX D wide receipts of the Funeral Services Industry by SectorSource p.4 of Final Purchase, Growing Demand The Canadian Funeral ServicesIndustry.APPENDIX E The Scott Formula(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars)1995 1994 SymbolsTotal assets 2262980 1326275 ATotal liabilities 1648298 915136 LTotal equity 614682 411139 ETotal revenue 599939 417328 REVNet income (76684) 38494 NIInterest expense 50913 34203 INTIncome tax rate (38.1) % 33.9 % TRAfter-tax interest expense 50913 * 1.381 = 70311 34203 * .661 = 22608 ATI =INT (1 - TR)ROE (return on equity) (76684) / 614682 =(0.125) 38494 / 411139 = 0.094 N I / ESR (sales return before interest) (76684) + 70311 / 599939 = (0.011) 38494 +22608 / 417328 = 0.146 NI + ATI / REVAT (asset turnover) 599939 / 2262980 = 0.265 417328 / 1326275 = 0.315REV / AROA (return on assets) (76684) + 70311 / 2262980 = (0.003) 38494 + 22608 /1326275 = 0.046 NI + ATI / AIN (average interest rate after tax) 70311 / 1648298 = 0.043 22608 / 915136 =0.025 ATI / LD / E (debt-equity ratio) 1648298 / 614682 = 2.682 915136 / 411139 = 2.226 L/ E

Adhoc Networks Essay -- essays research papers

Reliable doting in Mobile Ad-Hoc NetworksABSTRACTIn a mobile ad-hoc network, providing a authorized broadcast is one of the most important requirements. In b be, a source boss sends a message to entirely the other nodes in the network. Broadcasting operation is expected to be executed more frequently in mobile ad-hoc networks MANETs. So the number of retransmissions in the broadcast has to be minimized. The reliable broadcast service ensures that all the hosts in the network deliver the same set of messages to the upper layer. The protocols that are used in wired networks are unsuitable for deployment on MANETs, as these do not take into account the node mobility, network load and congestion. There have been a lot of protocols which are proposed for reliable broadcasting in MANETs. A straight forward way is by Simple Flooding 1, 2 which is very costly and very inefficient. The other protocols are Probability establish methods 3, Area Based Methods 3 and Neighbor Knowledge Metho ds 4, 5, 6 and 7. Also, efficiency and reliability conflict with each other. Hence it is hard to achieve both at a time with just one scheme. This paper will aim at proposing improvements for reliable broadcasting in MANETs.1.INTRODUCTIONThe drastic improvements in the wireless communication theory and portable wireless devices have made mobile computing a reality. Recently, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) has attracted a lot of attention and research. MANETs are made of a group of independent mobile hosts which communicate with each other. A mobile host may not be able to communicate directly with all the other hosts. So, the packets traverse various intermediate nodes before reaching the destination. All the nodes in the network assist in routing. The ad-hoc networks are created dynamically on the fly. The hosts are allowed to move around in the network. Routing protocols in ad-hoc networks should provide means to deliver packets to destination nodes given these dynamic topologie s.Applications of MANETs occur in battle-fields, major disaster and round business environments where networks need to be deployed immediately without any base stations or fixed networks. Broadcasting is process by which a source node sends a message to all the other nodes in the entire network. Broadcasting operation is expected to be exe... ...-aodv-02.txt11 local area networkMAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Standard 802.11-1997, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications (November 1997).12 S. Ni, Y. Tseng, Y. Chen, and J. Sheu, The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network, Proc. of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM99, pp. 151162, Aug. 1999.13 M. Impett, M. S. Corson, and V. Park, A receiver-oriented approach to reliable broadcast ad hoc networks, Proc. of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC2000), vol. 1, pp. 117122, 2000.14 W. Peng and X. Lu. On the reduction of broadcast redundancy in mobile ad hoc ne tworks. In Proceedings of MOBIHOC, 2000.15 W. Peng and X. Lu. effectual broadcast in mobile ad hoc networks using connected dominating sets. Journal of Software - Beijing, China, 1999.16 S. Y. Cho, J. H. Sin, B. I. Mun. Reliable broadcast scheme initiated by receiver in ad hoc networks. LCN 03. Proceedings. 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on20-24 Oct. 2003 Page(s)281 282.17 W. Lou and J. Wu. Double-covered broadcast (DCB) A simple reliable broadcast algorithm in manets. In IEEE Infocom, 2004.

Walcotts Collected Poems and Roys The God of Small Things :: comparison compare contrast essays

Post-Colonial and Post-Modernist View of Walcotts Collected Poems and Roys The God of Small Things Language was not so a great dealtimes a distinguishing sign of a soul or spirituality, which animals do not possess, as a social practice which enhanced survival of the species-Nietzche. Nietzche reminded twentieth ascorbic acid intellectuals of the decisive role of language in the construction of human experience of reality. With his perspectivism and relativism, truth, whether artistic or scientific was seen as a social matter and a linguistic product, the displacement of one set of figures of speech by another, with knowledge the interrelations of signifiers in a field of experience made of prior interpretations. (Irving Howe, 80). Thus in Walcotts songs and in Roys The God of Small Things modernism was further routed by inversion of ethical values as power tools for survival and exploitation, and of art as a veil over a reality describable only as wanton, godless procreation. This conception of a dynamic world of super changed energies of unimaginable force, often in violent conflict and ever-changing relations, came to resemble Freuds concept of id. We observe, in their writings (Walcott and Roy) the apparently rational surface of consciousness hides a mass of knotty and conflicting desires, impulses and needs. The outer person is a mere papering-over of the cracks of a split and waring complex of selves driven by life and death instincts. Walcott in his poem The dual-lane Child writes, There was your heaven The clear glaze of another life, a landscape locked in amber, the rare gleam. The dream of reason had produced its monster a prodigy of the wrong age and colour. (Walcott 145). According to him, language was not the transparent tool for the objective representation of a stable reality ethics was not expressive of a discovered system of absolute values or religion other than a desire for parental protection throughout life. He writes in hi s poem Lampfall, And Im elsewhere, far as I shall ever be from you whom I behold now, Dear family, dear friends, by this still glow The lanterns ring that the seas Never get rid of Your voices curl in the shell of my ear. (Walcott 95). When Roy was asked in an interview, What does it mean to be Indian? she replied Do we ask, What does it mean to be American or to be British?

Walcotts Collected Poems and Roys The God of Small Things :: comparison compare contrast essays

Post-Colonial and Post-Modernist View of Walcotts Collected Poems and Roys The God of Small Things Language was not so much a distinguishing sign of a soul or spirituality, which animals do not possess, as a social practice which enhanced survival of the species-Nietzche. Nietzche reminded 20th century intellectuals of the decisive role of language in the construction of human experience of reality. With his perspectivism and relativism, truth, whether artistic or scientific was seen as a social depend and a linguistic product, the displacement of one set of figures of speech by another, with knowledge the interrelations of signifiers in a field of experience made of prior interpretations. (Irving Howe, 80). olibanum in Walcotts verses and in Roys The God of Small Things modernism was further routed by inversion of ethical values as power tools for survival and exploitation, and of art as a veil over a reality describable only as wanton, godless procreation. This conception of a dynamic world of super changed energies of unacceptable force, often in violent conflict and ever-changing relations, came to resemble Freuds concept of id. We observe, in their writings (Walcott and Roy) the apparently rational surface of consciousness hides a spate of tangled and conflicting desires, impulses and needs. The outer person is a mere papering-over of the cracks of a split and waring complex of selves driven by life and death instincts. Walcott in his poem The Divided Child writes, There was your heaven The clear glaze of another life, a landscape locked in amber, the rare gleam. The dream of reason had produced its monster a portent of the wrong age and colour. (Walcott 145). According to him, language was not the transparent tool for the objective representation of a stable reality ethics was not communicative of a discovered system of absolute values or religion other than a desire for parental protection throughout life. He writes in his poem Lampfal l, And Im elsewhere, far as I shall ever be from you whom I behold now, Dear family, dear friends, by this still glow The lanterns ring that the seas never extinguished Your voices curl in the shell of my ear. (Walcott 95). When Roy was asked in an interview, What does it mean to be Indian? she replied Do we ask, What does it mean to be American or to be British?

Louis XVI

Louis XVI was born on August 23rd, 1754 in the Palace of Versailles. He was born Louis Auguste, duc de Berry to Louis, the Dauphin of France, and Marie-Joseph of Saxony. Louis was neglected as a child in favor of his older brother, Louis, duc de Bourgogne, until he died at age seven. He was a faint-hearted and overweight. After the death of his father in 1765, Louis became the new Dauphin of France. He received strict education from the Duc de La Vauguyon, which did not sufficiently prepare him to be king.On May 16th,1770, at the age of fifteen, Louis married 14 year old Archduchess Marie Antoinette, the youngest daughter of Holy papist Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. This marriage horse sense an attachment between France and Austria. The royal couple failed to produce an heir, later discovered to be due to Louiss internal dysfunction. In 1774, Louis inherited the throne at 20 years old and became King Louis XVI. Despite his title, he had no qualities of a ruler and was extremely unlimited for the job. Nonetheless, he was faced with a government in deep debt and a clamor for re displacement against monarchy.Louis XVI began by reinstating the parlements to gain the trust of his people. He was find to be a good monarch. France however was an in an sparing crisis. To deal with this, Louis appointed Jacques Necker as his financial advisor. Louis convoked the Estates General, but eventually re locomote them, causing peachy anger in the public. This caused the creation of the Third Estate, the content Assembly, and the Tennis Court Oath on June 20th that sparked the cut Revolution. The Storming of the Bastille on July 14th confirmed the understructure change in the mind of the masses towards the monarchy.French involvement in the Seven Years War left France in a disastrous economic state. Louis XVI sought to seek revenge on Britain by aiding the Americans in the American Revolution. He was eventually convinced by American Ambassador gum benj amin Franklin to in secret send supplies, ammunition, and weapons to the Americans. He personally sent Rochambeau and Admiral de Grasse to aid the cause, along with a large land and naval force. Louis XVI also wished to bring out the British from India. In 1782, he sealed an alliance with the Peshwa Mandhu Rao Narayan.This begun the French struggle to eliminate British control in India. On October 5th, 1789, an angry mob of Parisian working women marched on the Palace of Versailles and attempted to slaughter the queen. Her wasteful and extravagant lifestyle represented all that was despised about the Ancien Regime. The King and his family was then moved from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace in Paris. In June of 1791, Louis attempted to secretly flee with his family from Paris to the royalist fortress town of Montemedy on the northeastern border of France.However, they were discovered in a small town in the domain and immediately taken back to Paris and placed under house arres t in the Tuileries Palace. In August of 1792, Louis was officially arrested and sent to the Temple prison. On January 15th, 1793, the Convention, composed of 721 deputies, voted King Louis XVI guilty for colluding with the Austrian invaders whom France was at war with. On Monday, January 21st, 1793, Louis XVI was bare of all titles and honorifics by the Republic Government. On the infinite de la Revolution, Citoyen Louis Capet was executed by the national razor, the guillotine.On May 16th,1770, at the age of fifteen, Louis married 14 year old Archduchess Marie Antoinette, the youngest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. This marriage signified an alliance between France and Austria. The royal couple failed to produce an heir, later discovered to be due to Louiss sexual dysfunction. In 1774, Louis inherited the throne at 20 years old and became King Louis XVI. Despite his title, he had no qualities of a ruler and was extremely unqualified for the job. Nonetheless, he was faced with a government in deep debt and a clamor for resentment against monarchy.Louis XVI began by reinstating the parlements to gain the trust of his people. He was determined to be a good monarch. France however was an in an economic crisis. To deal with this, Louis appointed Jacques Necker as his financial advisor. Louis convoked the Estates General, but eventually removed them, causing great anger in the public. This caused the creation of the Third Estate, the National Assembly, and the Tennis Court Oath on June 20th that sparked the French Revolution. The Storming of the Bastille on July 14th confirmed the radical change in the mind of the masses towards the monarchy.French involvement in the Seven Years War left France in a disastrous economic state. Louis XVI sought to seek revenge on Britain by aiding the Americans in the American Revolution. He was eventually convinced by American Ambassador Benjamin Franklin to secretly send supplies, ammunition, an d weapons to the Americans. He personally sent Rochambeau and Admiral de Grasse to aid the cause, along with a large land and naval force. Louis XVI also wished to expel the British from India. In 1782, he sealed an alliance with the Peshwa Mandhu Rao Narayan.This begun the French struggle to eliminate British control in India. On October 5th, 1789, an angry mob of Parisian working women marched on the Palace of Versailles and attempted to kill the queen. Her wasteful and extravagant lifestyle represented all that was despised about the Ancien Regime. The King and his family was then moved from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace in Paris. In June of 1791, Louis attempted to secretly flee with his family from Paris to the royalist fortress town of Montemedy on the northeastern border of France.However, they were discovered in a small town in the country and immediately taken back to Paris and placed under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace. In August of 1792, Louis was officially a rrested and sent to the Temple prison. On January 15th, 1793, the Convention, composed of 721 deputies, voted King Louis XVI guilty for colluding with the Austrian invaders whom France was at war with. On Monday, January 21st, 1793, Louis XVI was stripped of all titles and honorifics by the Republic Government. On the Place de la Revolution, Citoyen Louis Capet was executed by the national razor, the guillotine.

Book review

The Soviet people thought after the war, their lives would get better exclusively Stalin Hough if they cherished more than, they would rebel. He did what he could to not let them want more than what they had. 2. In the summer of 1948, Stalin ordered a blockade of West Berlin The Cold War Powering 1 . Feeling that the future peace treaty of the world would depend upon relations between the united States and Russia, FED de ballotingd much thought to the planning of a United Nations, In which, he hoped, external difficulties could be settled. . Hiss was accuse of being a Soviet spy in 1 948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this hare in 1950. It is truly the likely that he was innocent. Chapter 26 1 . why did relations between the United States and Soviet Union deteriorate after WWW? P. 782-791 The USSR was based on a communist system and wanted to spread communism all e actuallywhere the world. The united States was based on a capita arguingic democracy and wanted to p revent communism. 2. Why did Truman have Limited success In Implementing his domestic help agenda? P. 92-800 Congress rejected Traumas proposal for call veraciouss, a medical buttonhole blocked he plans for a universal health care program, his concentration on foreign constitution rather than domestic didnt help, and there was a wander of anticommunism that weakened liberal and leftist forces. 3. How did the Korean War shape American foreign policy in the sass? P. 800-805 The Korean War shaped American foreign policy in the sass by showing the American people, and the rest of the World that communism would be militarily opposed. Chapter 27 1 . How did Eisenhower domestic polices reflect his moderate political vision?P. 811-815 He resisted expanding the governments power. Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States, obtained a truce in Korea and worked incessantly during his two terms to salve the tensions of the Cold War. I infer that he felt the need to end the war, during the war 3. How did technology contribute to changes in economy, substantiation, and the growth of the Sun Belt? P. 821-827 4. Why did American consumption expand so dramatically in the sass and what aspects of society and culture did it influence? P. 827-832 Americans after WWW 2 entered an era of successfulness and affluence.This general well-being can be just ab step forward Leary fancyn in the mass consumption of consumers legals fueled by television and the ho apply boom. The middle class benefited the close to 5. What were the goals and strategies of civil rights activists in the sass? P. 832-836 The goals of the civil rights movement were meaningful civil rights laws, a massive federal works program, full and fair employment, decent housing, the right to vote, and adequate integrated education. The right to vote was passed and placed in the bill of rights (1 5th amendment) in 1870 affair of the reconstruction era.So during asss during the civil rights movement the right to vote was not iodin of their goals because it was already in effect for African Americans to vote. Chapter 28 1 . Why did Kennedy believe that engagement in Vietnam was crucial to his foreign policy? P. 877-884 Anticommunism, the red threat, expansion of communism in Asia were all part of his foreign policy at the time. The initial engagements in Vietnam were to stop the spread of communism. It was a policy of containment of communism. Kennedy feared that if Vietnam fell so would the rest of the Asia 2.Why did massive amounts of airport and ground troops fail to bring U. S. Victory Vietnam? P. 884-888 3. How did the Vietnam War shape the election of 1968? P. 888-893 LB refused to run for re-election he was burned out. The nation wanted (and needed) an experienced get the Job d one(a) president. Nixon promised to deliver The country believed him. And he delivered 4. What strategies did Nixon implement to bring American involvement in Vietnam to a close? P. 893-901 Optimizati on. Its goal was to create strong, largely self-reliant South Vietnamese military forces.Book ReviewBook Review Totto-Chan The Little lady friend at the Window Totto Chan The Little Girl At The Window is a book which has salty series of childhood recollections tell to the highest degree an ideal school, Tomoe that combine aiming with fun, emancipation, and love and adventure. The school was in the railroad cars for classrooms and run by a good subject studyer who was a firm believer in freedom of expression and activity. This book depicts the childhood activities of Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, the author of this book, whose childhood nickname is Totto Chan and translated by Dorothy Britton. Expelled from counterbalance gradeThe theme starts with by telling of Totto-Chans waiver from the previous school when she was in grade one. The little fille Totto-Chan was waiting all the dayspring for street bands to walk by the school and call them over to play their music which was consid ered as highly disruptive behaviour and aggravated, her teacher decided that the girl would be no more in the school. Finally, her develop set a school after searching and alikek her to the school- Tomoe Gakuen, where the little girl Totto-Chan impressed the head-master done her talk of the town which stunned to her mother.The school has only fifty students in fall and the classrooms were conducted in disused train cars. In the assembly hall, all students shared their daily dejeuner consisting of somewhatthing from the ocean (fish, seaweed, bonito flakes, etc. ) and something from the hills (vegetables, beef, pork, pickled plum, etc. ). So, doubts scaffold knowledge in Totto-Chans mind and she used to ask her mother about it when she returned to home. The overlord meant to it was balanced food which necessary for children, but the children only concern about to fulfilled the two requirements.This relates to the e actuallyday knowledge which children can think on it and view what is necessary for a good health. Mr. Kobayachi, the schoolmaster believed in data-based swindleing, even he asked the parents of the children send their kids with their worst clothes to school. Lessons at Tomoe In that school, Tomoe, children enjoyed lot of freedom in the sense that they were free to do anything as their wish. The head teacher had trust on students there they were engaged in much(prenominal) adventurous tasks like climbing trees, play freely or stay in class to finish a science flavor into during recess.Students were getting space for doing or performing as their wish in which teachers guided them and help them how to do it, so their effrontery enhanced through it. Here is a description of classes at Tomoe Gakuen At the beginning of the outgrowth period, the teacher made a list of all the problems and questions in the subjects to be studied that day. Then she would say, Now, start with any of these you like. This is one genial of methods of teachi ng by which teacher can able to keep abreast that the childrens progress to higher grades by observing their interest in which area as well as their counselling of thinking.I think, it is a best way for teachers to know their students in a better way means to understand their interested bailiwick and teach accordingly (p. 12). Many activities based learnings were taught by the master key that really seemed impossible in practical, but it was. As you know, Children were encouraged to study whatever subjects they desire first, they were taken to field kitchens and farming lessons to learn the practical aspects of preparation food and farming, first hand- related to real life experience. Adventures on the school groundsThis is very impress and interesting activity in that school. Totto Chan began her adventurous learning at Tomoe like she had a tree in the ground- which every child understood that tree is their reclusive property, if anyone wanted to climb their tree must seek permission. So, one day she invited her friend Yasuaki-Chan to her tree because she knew that Yasuaki had had polio and could not climb. But Totto-Chan decided that Yasuaki deserved to see the world from the top of a tree, so she used some inventiveness and with full strength she helped Yasuaki to get to the top of the tree.At last, Yasuaki abled to stand in her tree and look at the surrounding areas and enjoyed which filled happiness and thrilled them both. It creates confidence to face the difficulties and problems and enhances problem solving skills. Except this, she had another most memorable experience when she dropped her dish down the toilet Undaunted, she started emptying the cesspool by using a wooden ladle. Did you know what the master keys reaction was when he saw Totto-Chan was doing such things? He asked her, What you were doing and he replied I dropped my purse. But she kept ladling out the cesspool and the teacher came once more and asked, Did you find it? She repli ed No. So, then teacher state in a smiling friendly tone, You will im soulfulnessate it all back when you have finished, wont you? (p. 21-22). So, from this, it seems that how she behaved like a matured person and how her ideas develop in cognitive level spontaneously through practicing ladling continuously for the lost purse. Railroad Car Arrives The school Tomoe runs in the railroad cars you all knew very well.Miyo-Chan, the third daughter of head master said, there is approach shot a new railroad car tonight. Already they have sis railroad cars which lined up together as classrooms but one more was coming, so small confusion spread out quickly with terribly rubor also. So, Miyo-Chan was selected as representative to ask to her father about their decision, but her father, the headmaster agreed upon and instruct them to take permission first of their parents and will bring their pajamas and blankets.After reaching home, Totto-Chan explained her mother about a train was coming and she wanted to go and watch it how it was going there without tracks and asked for mother permission. Her mother got surprise and finally what the matter was about she was talking and went with her to school and some children accompanied with their parents came too. The children were assured by the headmaster that when the railroad car will arrive, I will wake up you all. exclusively children lay down in the Assembly Hall with their pajamas and blankets.In the very morning Totto-Chan woke up and others too, watched the big railroad slowly move and they all danced in joy. The headmaster explained them, Watch carefully, they are called crimps. Rolling power is being used to move that big car. Through this activity, it is clear that students get idea about how the railroad cars move from one place to another by using roller power. (p. 23-24) The subroutine library Car Class After winter vacation, children discovered something new and wonderful, and greeted their discovery with lively shouts.It is the library car class where everyone wanted to do their first class after the winter break. So, all 50 students piled up into the car with great excitement picked some books and read. But Totto-Chan couldnt read well, she also picked a protrude book that looked most entertaining. The library car class was suddenly full with clamorously voices like a flock of birds chirping song aloud. Really most entertaining moment for the children the school was ever (p. 61). Similar experience I had when I was in field visit to Vidya Bhawan, Udaipur.They run a Wheel Library for slum children where they carried a van with many books and games accessories especially for children like ludoo, carom, etc. We accompanied them one day in the afternoon (the Wheel Library runs double in a week to a particular slum area and covers minimum 3 different slum areas), really children enjoyed the book reading- story books, picture books and learning was happening through many activities w hich conducted by the Wheel Library Teacher. Things to fearWhen I think on this, many questions struck to my mind- Who permitted the headmaster to experiment the children, fail and learn, teach them to fear? Are the parents known about the schools teachings- to teach them to fear? Or Is it schools objectives to teach the children to learn these things? Having eyes, but not seeing beauty having ears, but not hearing music having minds, but not perceiving truth having hearts that are never moved and therefore never set on fire. These are the things to fear, which were said by the headmaster.War A unappeasable Night Cloud A crucial time had gravel in between happiness and war. At last, the day at the school Tomoe turned to contraband night by the war cloud. The World War II reached Japan soon and the school Tomoe Gakuen was destroyed in the war bombings. Through this children were able to learn and understood about cruelties and difficulties of war. As a watcher of the ardent his o wn school in flame, the headmaster said to his son awfully, After whom the school had been named, What configuration of school shall we build next? Conclusion This book is too entertaining to read, or seems like full of fairy-tale or fable, where Totto-Chan seems a magnet for trouble. Each part of the book seems to be a fun recollection story or a memoir of the authors childhood. This book featured about an substitute schooling where childrens overall develop emphasized through activity based learning rather than the old-fashioned classroom teaching. This book is best for me in the sense that full with pleasurable moments, enjoyment and heart signature incidents.Book ReviewBook Review Totto-Chan The Little Girl at the Window Totto Chan The Little Girl At The Window is a book which has engaging series of childhood recollections tell about an ideal school, Tomoe that combined learning with fun, freedom, and love and adventure. The school was in the railroad cars for classrooms and run by a good head teacher who was a firm believer in freedom of expression and activity. This book depicts the childhood activities of Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, the author of this book, whose childhood nickname is Totto Chan and translated by Dorothy Britton. Expelled from first gradeThe story starts with by telling of Totto-Chans expelling from the previous school when she was in grade one. The little girl Totto-Chan was waiting all the morning for street bands to walk by the school and call them over to play their music which was considered as highly disruptive behaviour and aggravated, her teacher decided that the girl would be no more in the school. Finally, her mother found a school after searching and took her to the school- Tomoe Gakuen, where the little girl Totto-Chan impressed the head-master through her talking which stunned to her mother.The school has only fifty students in total and the classrooms were conducted in disused train cars. In the assembly hall, all students shar ed their daily lunch consisting of something from the ocean (fish, seaweed, bonito flakes, etc. ) and something from the hills (vegetables, beef, pork, pickled plum, etc. ). So, doubts scaffolding knowledge in Totto-Chans mind and she used to ask her mother about it when she returned to home. The headmaster meant to it was balanced food which necessary for children, but the children only concerned about to fulfilled the two requirements.This relates to the everyday knowledge which children can think on it and learn what is necessary for a good health. Mr. Kobayachi, the headmaster believed in experimental learning, even he asked the parents of the children send their kids with their worst clothes to school. Lessons at Tomoe In that school, Tomoe, children enjoyed lot of freedom in the sense that they were free to do anything as their wish. The head teacher had trust on students there they were engaged in such adventurous tasks like climbing trees, play freely or stay in class to fi nish a science experiment during recess.Students were getting space for doing or playing as their wish in which teachers guided them and help them how to do it, so their confidence enhanced through it. Here is a description of classes at Tomoe Gakuen At the beginning of the first period, the teacher made a list of all the problems and questions in the subjects to be studied that day. Then she would say, Now, start with any of these you like. This is one kind of methods of teaching by which teacher can able to observe that the childrens progress to higher grades by observing their interest in which area as well as their way of thinking.I think, it is a best way for teachers to know their students in a better way means to understand their interested field and teach accordingly (p. 12). Many activities based learnings were taught by the headmaster that really seemed impossible in practical, but it was. As you know, Children were encouraged to study whatever subjects they liked first, they were taken to field kitchens and farming lessons to learn the practical aspects of cooking food and farming, first hand- related to real life experience. Adventures on the school groundsThis is very surprising and interesting activity in that school. Totto Chan began her adventurous learning at Tomoe like she had a tree in the ground- which every child understood that tree is their private property, if anyone wanted to climb their tree must seek permission. So, one day she invited her friend Yasuaki-Chan to her tree because she knew that Yasuaki had had polio and could not climb. But Totto-Chan decided that Yasuaki deserved to see the world from the top of a tree, so she used some inventiveness and with full strength she helped Yasuaki to get to the top of the tree.At last, Yasuaki abled to stand in her tree and look at the surrounding areas and enjoyed which filled happiness and thrilled them both. It creates confidence to face the difficulties and problems and enhances proble m solving skills. Except this, she had another most memorable experience when she dropped her purse down the toilet Undaunted, she started emptying the cesspool by using a wooden ladle. Did you know what the headmasters reaction was when he saw Totto-Chan was doing such things? He asked her, What you were doing and he replied I dropped my purse. But she kept ladling out the cesspool and the teacher came once more and asked, Did you find it? She replied No. So, then teacher said in a smiling friendly tone, You will put it all back when you have finished, wont you? (p. 21-22). So, from this, it seems that how she behaved like a matured person and how her ideas develop in cognitive level spontaneously through practicing ladling continuously for the lost purse. Railroad Car Arrives The school Tomoe runs in the railroad cars you all knew very well.Miyo-Chan, the third daughter of head master said, there is coming a new railroad car tonight. Already they have sis railroad cars which line d up together as classrooms but one more was coming, so small confusion spread out quickly with terribly excitement also. So, Miyo-Chan was selected as representative to ask to her father about their decision, but her father, the headmaster agreed upon and instruct them to take permission first of their parents and will bring their pajamas and blankets.After reaching home, Totto-Chan explained her mother about a train was coming and she wanted to go and watch it how it was going there without tracks and asked for mother permission. Her mother got surprise and finally what the matter was about she was talking and went with her to school and some children accompanied with their parents came too. The children were assured by the headmaster that when the railroad car will arrive, I will wake up you all. All children lay down in the Assembly Hall with their pajamas and blankets.In the very morning Totto-Chan woke up and others too, watched the big railroad slowly moved and they all dance d in joy. The headmaster explained them, Watch carefully, they are called rollers. Rolling power is being used to move that big car. Through this activity, it is clear that students get idea about how the railroad cars moved from one place to another by using roller power. (p. 23-24) The Library Car Class After winter vacation, children discovered something new and wonderful, and greeted their discovery with joyous shouts.It is the library car class where everyone wanted to do their first class after the winter break. So, all 50 students piled up into the car with great excitement picked some books and read. But Totto-Chan couldnt read well, she also picked a picture book that looked most entertaining. The library car class was suddenly full with loud voices like a flock of birds chirping song aloud. Really most entertaining moment for the children the school was ever (p. 61). Similar experience I had when I was in field visit to Vidya Bhawan, Udaipur.They run a Wheel Library for s lum children where they carried a van with many books and games accessories especially for children like ludoo, carom, etc. We accompanied them one day in the afternoon (the Wheel Library runs twice in a week to a particular slum area and covers minimum 3 different slum areas), really children enjoyed the book reading- story books, picture books and learning was happening through many activities which conducted by the Wheel Library Teacher. Things to fearWhen I think on this, many questions struck to my mind- Who permitted the headmaster to experiment the children, fail and learn, teach them to fear? Are the parents known about the schools teachings- to teach them to fear? Or Is it schools objectives to teach the children to learn these things? Having eyes, but not seeing beauty having ears, but not hearing music having minds, but not perceiving truth having hearts that are never moved and therefore never set on fire. These are the things to fear, which were said by the headmaster.W ar A Dark Night Cloud A crucial time had come in between happiness and war. At last, the day at the school Tomoe turned to dark night by the war cloud. The World War II reached Japan soon and the school Tomoe Gakuen was destroyed in the war bombings. Through this children were able to learn and understood about cruelties and difficulties of war. As a watcher of the burning his own school in flame, the headmaster said to his son awfully, After whom the school had been named, What kind of school shall we build next? Conclusion This book is too entertaining to read, or seems like full of fairy-tale or fable, where Totto-Chan seems a magnet for trouble. Each part of the book seems to be a fun recollection story or a memoir of the authors childhood. This book featured about an alternative schooling where childrens overall develop emphasized through activity based learning rather than the old-fashioned classroom teaching. This book is best for me in the sense that full with pleasurable mo ments, enjoyment and heart touching incidents.

Questionnaire On Marketing In Branded Clothing

The company was established in the year 1994 as a small design studio in a 200 sq. Ft. Space in Chennai today derby makes its presence through 33 exclusive stores & 238 multi defacement consequences across the southern states.Until 2008, the brands presence was confined to a single outlet in Chennai. Post 2008, the brand has spread its wings methodically not only in geographic spread but also in its convergence profile.The brands journey to its present size is in fact a mirror im progress of its promoters vision of life- positive, never-say-die & profuse of life. Mr Vijay Kapoor, the 37 year old managing director of the company, started life in a very humble way as a salesman selling concepts. Today, his vision has rancid a phenomenal success that derby is.STORY OF THE COMPANYIn 1994, Vijay Kapoor wanted to launch a strikingly different menswear brand. He was looking for a stand-out name. He chose DERBY. Because the name sounded international. And it cued adventure, fun, competit iveness, a daring spirit and above all was very macho. The ground rules were very clear. Instead of being all things to everybody, DERBY decided to stay focused on men who seek the very best in whatever they do, whatever they buy. When DERBY entered the fashion market, the field was crowded. But there was no brand offering choice and class in the semi-format segment at an affordable price. DERBY plugged this gap. When it was fashionable for apparel brands to be available at multi-brand outlets, DERBY chose the soap Store route. And consequently, the DERBY Flagship Stores were born. In multi-brand outlets, DERBY opted for a shop-within-a-shop strategy to maintain the air of exclusivity. bowler does not just sell a commodity. It welcomes every new share into a community that stands for freedom & success. Derby Jeans Community is the only brand in the world that works on adding believers rather than just selling to customers. The brand believes in creating the best community around and this community will make a difference in every sphere of life. Freedom & success for everyoneChennai-based, degenerate fashion retailer Derby garb, has major intricacy plans on the anvil, which include unveiling stores in major fashion capitals across the globe. Plans also include inauguration flagship stores in Delhi, Mumbai and Pune. It is also open to the idea of opening stores even in smaller towns like Ranchi, Siliguri, Vijayawada, and so forthDerby is foraying into all major cities and smaller towns across the country. It is looking to increase the number of stores from the present 34 to 70 by the end of the year. The brand will be present in a number of premium malls and gamey streets in cities like Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Chandigarh, Kolkata, Bangalore Durgapur, Bhopal, Jamshedpur, etc.Derby offers varied ranges of denim jeans with fits like slim, slim straight and comfort and in shirts they provide fits like comfort, muscle and slim, mainly targeted at the youngster s. Alongside, Derby is also adding certain product ranges to the current collection to differentiate its offerings, considering that it is expanding in to various parts of the country. Its Autumn/Winter 2011 collection will compromise of a comprehensive collection of jackets, sweatshirts and waistcoats along with fashion denims, shirts, t-shirts, trousers and accessories.Explaining the rational, behind opening stores in smaller towns and cities, Vijay Kapoor, MD Derby Clothing said, Small towns have increasingly unquestionable a higher level of acceptance, for fashion apparel especially in the mens wear segment. We have been pleasantly surprised by the response we have received in the towns that we currently operate in. This gives us an opportunity to tap other small towns across the country as part of our expansion process.Revealing their marketing and promotional strategies, he informed, Marketing and promotional activities will be directly focused on the youth of the country. Being in a country that has the highest population of youngsters has proven to be an advantage to a youth-centric brand like Derby Jeans Community. On ground activities, rock shows, college cultural functions, fashion shows etc. are part of the marketing strategy that we follow to reach out to the fashionable youth.Explaining the rationale behind Derby products being branded as fast fashion, he said, On an average most jeans wear brands in the country offer 20% fashion products and 80% basic or meat products. Derby Jeans Community, on the contrary, offers 80% fashion apparel and only 20% basic or core products. This essentially makes Derby Jeans Community the only in truth fashionable mens Jeans wear brand in the country.Position of the CompanyThe company recorded a turnover Rs 6 crore in 2000 from its four outlets in Chennai. As part of its expansion plan, the company is planning to take up premium multi-brand concept apart from enhancing its network.After the inauguration of the new outlet of Derby fake Wear in the city today, the companys fifth outlet and beginning in the state, Vijay Kapoor, the managing director of Derby Clothing, said There is a board for value-plus brand and we are on the way to exploit the branded segment. Todays consumer is fully aware of quality and our product range has been designed for the 22-35 age groups. We will open two more outlets in the city in the next two months. We are aiming at Rs 2 crore turnover in the first year of operation, he said.Giving details about the future plans, Kapoor said that the company would expand to Karnataka and Kerala next year and the national marketing would also be taken up in 2005. The company has two units at Tirupati and Bangalore with a total capacity of 1,400 garments per day. The current requirement is at 1,500 garments per day and we are meeting the trim demand by outsourcing, Kapoor said.The other name for style and sophistication, Derby Clothing is a premium casual and formal wear brand for men noted for its trendsetting ready to wear collection. Paradise for the ultimate and die hard shopaholics, it offers a wide spectrum of casuals and formal wears made from avant garde fabrics, available in a various range of styles and patterns. Largely catering to the citys ever so choosy fashion savvy junta, this Derby Clothing store is housed within the premises of Spencer Plaza in Anna Salai. This 10 years old store, besides its impressive and exclusive line up of clothing has an eye catching array of funky accessories that include belts and ties which you outhouse club with your attire. You can indulge into its staggering collection of apparels and accessories on any day of the week from 945 AM to 9 PM. Derby Clothing also accepts all major credit cards.

Guava Leaves Extract for Skin Infections

guava bush Leaves Extract (Component in making soap) reportment for acne Bathing Soap Chapter I Background of the study Nowadays raft are focusing in herbal plants especially those who are parking lot in the environment. One of the example is the guava plant (Psidium guajava Linn). Based on inquiry this plant is good for healing and treating wounds and some other skin infections. So in my query I want to make a bathing soap out of it, driving force I know that it is inwardnessive. People, researchers, scientists were focusing to medicinal plants.They want to prove that there are plants that are more effective against diseases especially in skin. This study refers to a plant that stool be made into a bathing soap and improves its quality while using this plant (guava leaves). I want people to spread over easily in treating their skin disorders. Instead of boiling the leaves, now its easy to apply. Boiling takes much time. Statement of the Problem I stated that Guava leaves extract is good for skin. Based on my research, it has many constituents that is good for skin. It answers the following questions * Is there any constituents of guave leaves that is good for skin? What are those? * It can really treat skin disorders/ Acne? Hypothesis * Guava leaves is good treatment for acne. * It has many components or constituents. * Constituents that is good for skin disorders, especially for acnies. Significance of the Study You can make a bathing soap with guave leaves extract as treatment for acne. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its avaibility it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for healing skin disorders. Scope and demarcation line The study of guava leaves and getting their extract is often useful.It has the ability to treat, cure, disinfect skin disorders and capable of being a herbal plant for acnes. Definition of toll Astringent- antiseptic properties Decoction- selection of fresh leaves apply for wound cle aning and skin to pr heretoforet infection and to facilitate healing. Good for skin disorders. Volatile- a substance that changes into a vapor at a relatively low tempe vomiture. Eugenol- oily liquid from doves. (C10H12O2) Cloves- aromatic spice from the dried blossoming bud of a tropical tree. Tannin- a brownish or yellowish substance found in plants and apply in astringents.Saponins- soap from plants any group of chemical substances extracted from plants that form a smarmy lather mixed with water and are used to make soap and detergent. Amydalin- resin used in impositionts and adhesives. Resin- yellow or brown color and extreme substance from plants. Malic Acid- acid from output a colorless crystalline solid found in fruits such as apples. (C4H6O5) Aldehydes- organic compound a passing reactive organic compound produced by the oxidation of an alcohol and having a CHO group especially the acetaldehyde. Ash- the powdery substance that is left when omething has been burnt. G uava Scientific make believe Psidium Guajava Chapter II Review Related Literature Database File for GUAVA (Psidium guajava) important database Common name Botanical name Ethnic uses Conditions Actions PLANTIMAGES Photos WEBRESOURCESGUAVA Product expect Medline Abstracts USDA BARC DB HEAR Info Purdue Info W? TROPICOS DB Ethnobotany DB Phytochem DB GRIN DB USF DB ITIS DB Plants DB RaintreesRainforestMission position Page Company Mission Philosophy Plant Harvesting Plant Images Rainforest Products Rainforest Gallery Rainforest Facts Article Section Rainforest tie inOther Links Print Brochure Print Order Form Contact Us Search Site Privacy Policy Conditions of Use Free Service EspanolPortuguesDeutschItaliano Francais Norsk Family family Myrtaceae Genus Psidium Species guajava Common names Guava, goiaba, guayaba, djamboe, djambu, goavier, gouyave, goyave, goyavier, perala, bayawas, dipajaya jambu, petokal, tokal, guave, guavenbaum, guayave, banjiro, goiabeiro, guayabo, guyaba, goea jaaba, guave, goejaba, kuawa, abas, jambu batu, bayabas, pichi, posh, enandi Part Used Fruit, page number, bark From The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs GUAVAherbal tea PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS Main Actions Other Actions Standard Dosage stops licentiousness depresses CNS Leaves kills bacteria lowers blood pressure Decoction 1 cup 1-3 kills fungi reduces blood sugar times occasional kills yeast constricts blood vessels kills amebas promotes menstruation relieves pain fights free radicals reduces spasms supports face Called guayaba in Spanish-speaking countries and goiaba in Brazil, guava is a common subtlety tree or shrub in door-yard gardens in the tropics. It provides shade while the guava fruits are eaten fresh and made into drinks, ice cream, and preserves.In the richness of the Amazon, guava fruits often grow well beyond the size of tennis balls on well-branched trees or shrubs reaching up to 20 m high. Cultivated varieties average about 10 meters in height and produce lemo n-sized fruits. The tree is easily identify by its distinctive thin, smooth, copper-colored bark that flakes off, showing a greenish layer beneath. Guava fruit today is considered minor in terms of commercial creative activity trade but is widely grown in the tropics, enriching the diet of hundreds of millions of people in the tropics of the world.Guava has spread widely throughout the tropics because it thrives in a variety of soils, propagates easily, and bears fruit relatively quickly. The fruits contain numerous seeds that can produce a mature fruit-bearing plant within four years. In the Amazon rain forest guava fruits are much enjoyed by birds and monkeys, which disperse guava seeds in their droppings and cause spontaneous clumps of guava trees to grow throughout the rainforest. TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USESGuava may remove been domesticated in Peru several thousand years ago Peruvian archaeological sites have revealed guava seeds found stored with beans, corn, squash, an d other cultivated plants. Guava fruit is still enjoyed as a sweet treat by indigenous peoples throughout the rainforest, and the leaves and bark of the guava tree have a presbyopic history of medicinal uses that are still employed today. The Tikuna Indians decoct the leaves or bark of guava as a cure for diarrhoea.In fact, an infusion or decoction made from the leaves and/or bark has been used by many tribes for diarrhea and dysentery throughout the Amazon, and Indians also employ it for insane throats, vomiting, stomach upsets, for vertigo, and to regulate catamenial periods. Tender leaves are chewed for bleeding gums and bad breath, and it is said to prevent hangovers (if chewed before drinking). Indians throughout the Amazon gargle a leaf decoction for mouth sores, bleeding gums, or use it as a douche for vaginal discharge and to tighten and tone vaginal walls after childbirth.A decoction of the bark and/or leaves or a flower infusion is used topically for wounds, ulcers and s kin sores. Flowers are also mashed and applied to painful centre of attention conditions such as sun strain, conjunctivitis or eye injuries. Centuries ago, European adventurers, traders, and missionaries in the Amazon Basin took the much enjoyed and tasty fruits to Africa, Asia, India, and the Pacific tropical regions, so that it is now cultivated throughout the tropical regions of the world. Commercially the fruit is consumed fresh or used in the making of jams, jellies, paste or hardened jam, and juice.Guava leaves are in the Dutch Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of diarrhea, and the leaves are still used for diarrhea in Latin America, Central and West Africa, and due southeast Asia. In Peruvian herbal medicine systems today the plant is employed for diarrhea, gastroenteritis, intestinal worms, gastric disorders, vomiting, coughs, vaginal discharges, menstrual pain and hemorrhages, and edema. In Brazil guava is considered an astringent drying agent and diuretic and is used for the same conditions as in Peru.A decoction is also recommended as a gargle for sore throats, laryngitis and swelling of the mouth, and used externally for skin ulcers, and vaginal irritation and discharges. PLANT CHEMICALS Guava is rich in tannins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, vitamins, case and fatty acids. Guava fruit is higher in vitamin C than citrus (80 mg of vitamin C in 100 g of fruit) and contains appreciable amounts of vitamin A as well. Guava fruits are also a good source of pectin a dietary fiber.The leaves of guava are rich in flavonoids, in particular, quercetin. Much of guavas remediation activity is attributed to these flavonoids. The flavonoids have demonstrated antibacterial activity. Quercetin is thought to gift to the anti-diarrhea effect of guava it is able to relax intestinal smooth muscle and inhibit bowel contractions. In addition, other flavonoids and triterpenes in guava leaves show antispasmodic acti vity. Guava also has antioxidant properties which is attributed to the polyphenols found in the leaves.Guavas main plant chemicals include alanine, alpha-humulene, alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, alpha-selinene, amritoside, araban, arabinose, arabopyranosides, arjunolic acid, aromadendrene, ascorbic acid, ascorbigen, asiatic acid, aspartic acid, avicularin, benzaldehyde, butanal, carotenoids, caryophyllene, catechol-tannins, crataegolic acid, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid, ellagic acid, ethyl octanoate, essential oils, flavonoids, gallic acid, glutamic acid, goreishic acid, guafine, guavacoumaric acid, guaijavarin, guajiverine, guajivolic acid, guajavolide, guavenoic acid, guajavanoic acid, histidine, hyperin, ilelatifol D, isoneriucoumaric acid, isoquercetin, jacoumaric acid, lectins, leucocyanidins, limonene, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lysine, mecocyanin, myricetin, myristic acid, nerolidiol, obtusinin, octanol, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, palm itic acid, palmitoleic acid, pectin, polyphenols, psidiolic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, serine, sesquiguavene, tannins, terpenes, and ursolic acid. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH The long history of guavas use has led modern-day researchers to study guava extracts. Its traditional use for diarrhea, gastroenteritis and other digestive complaints has been validated in numerous clinical studies. A plant drug has even been developed from guava leaves (standardized to its quercetin content) for the treatment of acute diarrhea. homosexual clinical trials with the drug indicate its effectiveness in treating diarrhea in adults. Guava leaf extracts and fruit juice has also been clinically studied for childish diarrhea.In a clinical study with 62 infants with infantile rotaviral enteritis, the recovery rate was 3 days (87. 1%) in those treated with guava, and diarrhea ceased in a shorter time period than controls. It was concluded in the study that guava has good curative effec t on infantile rotaviral enteritis. Guava has many different properties that contribute to its antidiarrheal drug effect it has been enter with pronounced antibacterial, antiamebic and antispasmodic activity. It has also shown to have a tranquilizing effect on intestinal smooth muscle, inhibit chemical processes found in diarrhea and aid in the re-absorption of water in the intestines.In other research, an alcoholic leaf extract was reported to have a morphine-like effect, by inhibiting the gastrointestinal release of chemicals in acute diarrheal disease. This morphine-like effect was thought to be related to the chemical quercetin. In addition, lectin chemicals in guava were shown to bind to E-coli (a common diarrhea-causing organism), preventing its adhesion to the intestinal wall and thus preventing infection (and resulting diarrhea). The effective use of guava in diarrhea, dysentery and gastroenteritis can also be related to guavas documented antibacterial properties. Bark an d leaf extracts have shown to have in vitro toxic action against numerous bacteria.In several studies guava showed significant antibacterial activity against such common diarrhea-causing bacteria as Staphylococcus, Shigella, Salmonella, Bacillus, E. coli, clostridium, and Pseudomonas. It has also demonstrated antifungal, anti-yeast (candida), anti-amebic, and antimalarial actions. In a recent study with guinea pigs (in 2003) Brazilian researchers reported that guava leaf extracts have numerous effects on the cardiovascular system which might be beneficial in treating irregular heat beat (arrhythmia). Previous research indicated guava leaf provided antioxidant effects beneficial to the heart, heart protective properties, and improved myocardial function.In two randomized piece studies, the outgo of guava fruit for 12 weeks was shown to reduce blood pressure by an average 8 points, decrease total cholesterol levels by 9%, decrease triglycerides by almost 8%, and increase good HDL cholesterol by 8%. The effects were attributed to the high potassium and soluble fiber content of the fruit (however 1-2 pounds of fruit was consumed daily by the study subjects to obtain these results ). In other animal studies guava leaf extracts have evidenced pain pill, sedative, and central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity, as well as a cough suppressant actions. The fruit or fruit juice has been documented to lower lood sugar levels in normal and diabetic animals and humans. Most of these studies confirm the plants many uses in tropical herbal medicine systems. CURRENT PRACTICAL USES Guava, known as the poor mans apple of the tropics, has a long history of traditional use, much of which is being validated by scientific research. It is a wonderful natural remedy for diarrhea safe enough even for young children. For infants and children under the age of 2, just a cup daily of guava fruit juice is helpful for diarrhea. For older children and adults, a cup erstwhile or twice daily of a leaf decoction is the tropical herbal medicine standard. Though not widely available in the U. S. arket, tea-cut and powdered leaves can be obtained from larger health food stores or suppliers of bulk botanicals. Newer in the market are guava leaf extracts that are used in discordant herbal formulas for a myriad of purposes from herbal antibiotic and diarrhea formulas to bowel health and weight loss formulas. Toxicity studies with rats and mice, as well as controlled human studies show both the leaf and fruit to be safe and without side effects. GUAVA PLANT SUMMARY Main Preparation Method decoction Main Actions (in order) antidysenteric, antiseptic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart) Main Uses or dysentery (bacterial and amebic), diarrhea, colic, and infantile rotavirus enteritis as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial for internal and external bacterial, fungal, candidal, and amebic infections to tone, balance, protect and strengthen the heart (and for arrhythmia and some heart diseases) as a cough suppressant, analgesic (pain-reliever), and febrifuge (reduces fever) for colds, flu, sore throat, etc as a topical remedy for ear and eye infections Properties/Actions Documented by Research amebicide, analgesic (pain-reliever), antibacterial, anticandidal, antidysenteric, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, antiulcerous, cardiodepressant, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart), central nervous system depressant, cough suppressant, gastrototonic (tones, balances, strengthens the gastric tract), hypotensive (lowers blood ressure), sedative, vasoconstrictor Other Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Useanti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, antiseptic, astringent, blood cleanser, digestive stimulant, menstrual stimulant, nervine (balances/calms nerves), vermifuge (expels worms) Cautions It has a cardiac depressant effect and is contraindicated in some heart conditions. Traditi onal Preparation The fruit and juice is freely consumed for its smashing taste, nutritional benefit and nutrient content, as well as an effective childrens diarrhea remedy. The leaves are prepared in a standard decoction and dosages are principally 1 cup 1-3 times daily. ContraindicationsGuava has recently demonstrated cardiac depressant activity and should be used with caution by those on heart medications. Guava fruit has shown to lower blood sugar levels and it should be avoided by people with hypoglycemia. Drug Interactions None reported, however excessive or chronic consumption of guava may potentiate some heart medications. WORLDWIDE ETHNOMEDICAL USES Amazonia for diarrhea, dysentery, menstrual disorders, stomachache, vertigo Brazil for anorexia, cholera, diarrhea, digestive problems, dysentery, gastric insufficiency, inflamed mucous membranes, laryngitis, mouth(swelling), skin problems, sore throat, ulcers, vaginal discharge Cuba for colds, dysentery, dyspepsia Ghana coughs , diarrhea, dysentery, toothache Haiti or dysentery, diarrhea, epilepsy, itch, piles, scabies, skin sores, sore throat, stomachache, wounds, and as an antiseptic and astringent India for anorexia, cerebral ailments, childbirth, chorea, convulsions, epilepsy, nephritis Malaya for dermatosis, diarrhea, epilepsy, hysteria, menstrual disorders Mexico for deafness, diarrhea, itch, scabies, stomachache, swelling, ulcer, worms, wounds Peru for conjunctivitis, cough, diarrhea, digestive problems, dysentery, edema, gout, hemorrhages, gastroenteritis, gastritis, lung problems, PMS, shock, vaginal discharge, vertigo, vomiting, worms Philippines for sores, wounds, and as an astringent Trinidad bacterial infections, blood cleansing, diarrhea, dysenteryElsewhere for anorexia, aches, bacterial infections, boils, bowel disorders, bronchitis, catarrh, cholera, chorea, colds, colic, convulsions, coughs, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, edema, epilepsy, fever, gingivitis, hemorrhoids, itch, jaundice, m enstrual problems, nausea, nephritis, respiratory problems, rheumatism, scabies, sore throat, spasms, sprains, stomach problems, swelling, tonic, toothache, ulcers, worms, wounds, and as an antiseptic and astringent References/Footnotes Conde Garcia, E. A. , et al. Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium. Braz. J. of Med. & Biol. Res. 2003 36 661-668.Suntornsuk, L. , et al. Quantitation of vitamin C content in herbal juice using direct titration. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2002 28(5) 849-55. Beckstrom-Sternberg, S. M. , et al. The phytochemical database. (ACEDB version 4. 3-Data version July 1994. ) guinea pig Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U. S. Department of Agriculture. Jimenez-Escrig, A. , et al. Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L. ) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001 49(11) 5489-93. Smith, Nigel J. H. , et al. Tropical Forests and their Crops. capi tal of the United Kingdom Cornell University Press. 1992. Arima, H. , et al. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from guava (Psidium guajava L. ) and their structural elucidation. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2002 66(8) 1727-30. Morales, M. A. , et al. Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties of Psidium guajava L. Arch. Med. Res. 1994 25(1) 17-21. Lozoya, X. , et al. Quercetin glycosides in Psidium guajava L. leaves and determination of a spasmolytic principle. Arch. Med. Res. 1994 25(1) 11-5. Begum, S. , et al. Triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry 2002 61(4) 399-403. Lozoya, X. , et al. intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava olia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002 83(1-2) 19-24. Wei, L. , et al. Clinical study on treatment of infantile rotaviral enteritis with Psidium guajava L. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000 20(12) 893-5. Tona, L . , et al. Biological screening of traditional preparations from some medicinal plants used as antidiarrhoeal in Kinshasa, Congo. Phytomedicine 1999 6(1) 59-66. Lozoya, X. , et al. Model of intraluminal perfusion of the guinea pig ileum in vitro in the study of the antidiarrheal properties of the guava (Psidium guajava). Arch. Invest. Med. (Mex). 1990 21(2) 155-62. Almeida, C. E. , et al. Analysis of antidiarrhoeic effect of plants used in popular medicine. Rev. Saude Publica. 1995 29(6) 428-33. Lin, J. , et al. Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002 79(1) 53-6. Lutterodt, G. D. Inhibition of Microlax-induced experimental diarrhea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leaf in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1992 37(2) 151-7. Lutterodt, G. D. Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylcholine by quercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease. J. Ethnopharmcol. 1989 25(3) 235-47. Coutino-Rodriguez, R. et al, Lectins in fruits having gastrointestinal activity their participation in the hemagglutinating property of Escherichia coli O157H7. Arch. Med. Res. 2001 32(4) 251-7. Abdelrahim, S. I. , et al. Antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. Fitoterapia 2002 73(7-8) 713-5. Holetz, F. B. , et al. Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2002 97(7) 1027-31. Caceres, A. , et al. Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. Screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1990 30(1) 55-73. Garcia, S. et al, Inhibition of growth, enterotoxin production, and spore formation of Clostridium perfringens by extracts of medicinal plants. J. Food Prot. 2002 65(10) 1667-9. Tona, L. , et al. Antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities of extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparati ons used in Kinshasa, Congo. Phytomedicine 2000 7(1) 31-8. Tona, L. , et al. Antiamoebic and phytochemical screening of some Congolese medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998 61(1) 57-65. Nundkumar, N. , et al. Studies on the antiplasmodial properties of some South African medicinal plants used as antimalarial remedies in Zulu folk medicine. Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002 24(7) 397-401. Yamashiro, S. , et al. Cardioprotective effects of extracts from Psidium guajava L. and Limonium wrigth II, Okinawan medicinal plants, against ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused rat hearts. Pharmacology 2003 67(3) 128-35. Singh, R. B. , et al. Can guava fruit intake decrease blood pressure and blood lipids? J. Hum Hypertens. 1993 7(1) 33-8. Singh, R. B. , et al. Effects of guava intake on blood serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and on systemic blood pressure. Am. J. Cardiol. 1992 70(15) 1287-91. Shaheen, H. M. , et al. Effect of Psidium guajava leaves on some aspects of the central nervous system in mice. Phytother. Res. 2000 14(2) 107-11. Lutterodt, G.D. , et al. Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1988 24(2-3) 219-31. Jaiarj, P. , et al. Anticough and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999 67(2) 203-12. Cheng, J. T. , et al. Hypoglycemic effect of guava juice in mice and human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Med. 1983 11(1-4) 74-6. Roman-Ramos, R. , et al. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1995. The above text has been printed from The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs by Leslie Taylor, copyrighted 2005 All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any learning storage or retrieval system, including websites, without written permission. The statem ents contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The information contained in this plant database file is mean for education, entertainment and information purposes only. This information is not intended to be used to diagnose, prescribe or replace proper medical care. The plant described herein is not intended to treat, cure, diagnose, mitigate or prevent any disease. Please refer to our Conditions of Use for using this plant database file and web site. Copyrighted 1996 to present by Raintree Nutrition, Inc. , Carson City, NV

A Year in the South: Four Lives in 1865 Essay

Prompt How did the diffe mesh backgrounds of John, Cornelia, Lou, and surface-to-air missileuel restore their abilities to adjust to the end of the contend? How did the end of the war affect their daily lives? Explain, making sure to support your answer with evidence and quotes from the text.A Year in the southernmost Four Lives in 1865The background of an individual(a) allows the individual to accommodate to new circumstances no matter how radical the change may be. It is very(prenominal) apparent that in the book, A Year in the South Four Lives in 1865, that people whether they were bneediness or white suffered different hardships, however their background was what enabled them to succeed or fail after the war. There were quadruple people which this book was focused upon Louis Hughes, who was an educated slave in the Deep South, in Tombigbee, Alabama Cornelia McDonald, who was the wife of a Confederate soldier, and the mother of 7 children in Lexington, Virginia Samuel Agne w, who was a priest exempted from military service repayable to his position in the church, in Tippah County, Mississippi, and John Robertson, who was an ex-confederate soldier looking to settle down and live a phantasmal smell accepting defeat as a Confederate soldier, in East Tennessee. Although the backgrounds of each of these individuals were different, their skills gained from their background is what led them to be able to conform or fail to adapt to the end of the war.Louis Hughes was an educated slave who was taught many skills by his master whom he refers to as boss, and skills he learned from various jobs and not limited to nursing, working in the fields, and working the salt works. Louis Hughes was very highly skilled for a slave. Nursing was only one of many skills Lou acquired in the McGehee household. He could drive a carriage, cultivate an ornamental garden, and even operate a sewing machine, not to mention serve expertly as pantryman and body servant. (Ash 25) This shows how well rounded Lou was as a slave and as an individual. Lou was also of an entrepreneurial mindset and is shown when he was in the salt works, where he borrowed funds from the other slaves and bought tobacco plugs to sell. Having discerned that the area could only produce salt, he was highly successful and procured a fifty dollar profit from the sales which granted heed from N.S. Brooks.Brooks then obtained five hundred plugs for Louto sell in which he made a huge profit from. Lou had noticed that it was all rebel silver but was sharp enough and bought up all the silver he could get his hands on. (Ash 21) This lead to believe that Lou would buy something that will retain its protect if the confederacy were to lose or win. That way he could keep his assets safe. As soon as the first sign of invasion was near Madam had direct for all her slaves. Lou had been sent out to the fields for the remainder of the season of the invasion was upon arrival, even though in that respect was hardly a presence in the remote area he was in. During the time he was working in the field he remembered how his master had shown two sides of his master. On one side, his master had been seen as a benevolent and would go out and cure people.On the other hand, there was one where he was seen as temperamental and aggressive. Lou has held much resentment towards this side, and recalls a time where Boss gave him a whipping. This made Lous yearning for freedom even greater than it was before. Eventually in the summer, Lou and another slave named George had decided to escape, not sharp that the war had ended and they were granter freedom. The two unknowing freedmen then made their way to Memphis, mostly by foot with fear that they might be caught and sent back. The sustain bit, after they felt more secure was by train, Lou had purchased using his earnings from the plugs. There they were turned down by the official in charge, found that the war had ended in the Union vict ory and traveled back Senatobia.On their way there, with a rented wagon and two bottles of whiskey presumably bought with the silver that Lou had obtained by selling plugs, ran into two union soldiers. He bartered to catch the Union soldiers go to Madams house to announce the confederate defeat in reciprocation for a whisky bottle. The union soldiers did exactly that. After doing so the freedmen and their wives along with other freedmen headed to Memphis, escorted some of the way by the same soldiers. There they made a living, or idled about enjoying their new freedom.However, Lou and his company had decided to go to Cincinnati to see if they could find Matildas mother which eventually they did. Lou was able adapt and succeed in almost any job he was given collect to his background of working with similar jobs he had held before. Lou was able to adapt in such a way to where it is believed he was successful after the war in the terms of the new freedom he had attained. Lou was abl e to supersede adversity of the changing policy-making and economiccrisis of the south after the war.Samuel Agnew was a priest in Tippah County, Mississippi. His family were avid supporters of the Confederate cause, running and hiding at the alarm of Yankee invasion. Sam was exempted from the war because he was a minister, although accosted he was a few times under the presumption that he was avoiding the draft. He had heard of the devastation that the confederate soldiers had endured, and kept a keen interest in news about the war, and the policies that the Confederacy was putting in his free time. He tried to cultivate opium and tobacco, as a quest and to sell to make money to use to buy provisions. In times of heavy depression, and where prices kept going up and money and supply were scarce. Even though the war was over and Sam had accepted that fact he still had a strong sense of confederacy patriotism which came from his family holding a little plantation, and using slave ha nds to tend to it. His father, Enoch had listed the value of his plantation as $23,500, which he Union via President Johnson had declared that along with the generals and officials of the Confederacy, any citizen with more than cardinal thousand dollars in assets.That provision was clearly aimed at the planters, a class whom Johnson despised and whom he blamed for the breakup of the Union. This was something the Agnews would have to reckon with. (Ash 145) This was one of the hardships that could not be avoided by Sam as to see that living with his father and his small plantation would be greatly affected by this. Eventually, Sam had to put on the slaves and announce that they were freedmen, however none of them left immediately, they stayed and did only the necessary work, but did not work as efficiently as they did when they were slaves. Sam dictates that the freedmen were doing as they revel they go off in daylight on their own business and are not giving their masters concerns any attention.As a consequence, Sam found himself taking on unaccustomed chores around the plantation making a new rope for the well bucket, gathering and cleaning the give up bits of cotton scattered around the floor of the gin house. (Ash 151) This shows that even though he had little practice cultivating, he was ill prepared for the jobs that he had his slaves at the time do. Sam could not adapt to the end of the war. He had no experience in the work that the slaves did thus was struggling to meet ends meet, which is also displayed in their dying livestock. Later onhe would hire the freedmen to work in the fields and pay them to do so. Disgusted at the level he was at negotiating with what used to be his familys property.Eventually this disdain, and losing assets would commit him with no freedmen come New Years Day of the following year after the war. This would leave his family in ruins and unable to cope with the post war times ahead. Thus Sam Agnew was not prepared for the end of the war economically, and with the lack of skills seeing as how they were ruined with no workers or livestock that would help them with the plantation that his father had owned. Sam after having lost everything had failed to change with the ending of the war and the new policies of the unite States and had suffered economically.John Robertson was a young ex-confederate soldier whom after being captured in the war and forced to surrender to get out of prison, was looking for a religious revival and to have a normal life. He planned to become a minister as he professed to Tennie, and John was an old hand at raising wheat during the years John was growing up in Greene County. (Ash 172) Showing he had some skills to go upon and would have self-sufficiency. Even though he had surrendered and allowed to go back home he remains bitter and still harbors hate towards the union after the confederate loss. As soon as the union member established dominance in East Tennessee, he realize d that he hated the native unionist more than the Unionist that came from other states. This is mainly due to the fact that he was a Confederate from Tennessee and saw the native unionists as traitors.This played a giant role in making his daily life really difficult especially in the church due to governor Brownlow, who had resented all of the confederates that imprisoned him. Later on, John would pay the price for his war acts. The Lincolnites were dogged to kill him, there was nothing he could do to stop themnothing, that is, except go where they could not find him. Through the waning days of August, he pain over his plight. By September, he had decided he must leave. (Ash 180) This shows that Johns past would dictate how he would live his future and that he would have to evade the Unionists that were looking for revenge for his past sins, thus pressured him to leave Tennessee and retreat to Springfield. He settled down and immersed himself in education and religion. Although h e had settled there with an uncle he wasdetermined to go back, thus Johns background is preventing him from having a successfully way to cope with the end of the war emotionally due to his inability to see his love, Tennie.Cornelia McDonald was the wife of a wealthy confederate army officer. Cornelia had relied heavily on her husbands salary thus when she died everything went downhill very fast. She had no basic house skills except for sewing and mending clothes. She lacked basic skill so she had to hire someone to do the cooking for the same discernment she had to pay for carding, spinning, and weaving as a well-bred woman who had always had money and slaves, she had never learned those skills because she never had to perform those chores. (Ash 38) This will play into identify when the war comes around as those are necessities and will affect and drain the money from Cornelia in the latter half of the year.She would have to pay someone else for these inborn skills. As for the sk ill she did have was to tutor for painting and foreign languages, these seem more of a luxury than a necessity as will be seen in at the end of the book. She is barely able to support herself and her family after her husband dies and the meager earning she gets goes to food and not enough is left over rent and she engrossed in debt and eventually becomes ruined financially. Cornelia is struggling emotionally as well and claims to see her noble sons, little daughter, and pretty little boys dragged down so low. (Ash 158) This was one of her greater struggles as she could not believe that just a few years ago they were so prosperous and now doing jobs that were so infra them. This is just a clear indicator that she was not able to adapt to the circumstances of a changing political climate and her lack of ability to adapt is shown very clearly financially and emotionally.All in all most of the Southerners had a tough time coping with the end of the war because of their inability, and l ack of innate self-sustaining skills. Lou and John were the only ones to see progress in their life although not in significant amount but they were better off than those of the fecund white plantation and slave owners. The reason was their ability to cope with hardships way before the end of the war and these times of hardships helped them transition into the post war era, whereas Cornelia andSam were ruined, because they lived a life where they had enough money to sustain themselves, and did not need to worry about the skills until it was too late. The background of each of the southerner, and their essential skills or lack thereof have left them in in the state they were in either with stability or instability financially, or emotionally.BibliographyAsh, Stephen V. A Year in the South Four Lives in 1865. New York City Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

How will emiratization succeed? Essay

The UAE government is struggling to encourage more Emiratis to work in the private sector. But they forget first have to change the educational and labor conditions in the country, say analysts. Shifa Salem, an Emirati pursuing her Masters in Educational lead at Zayed University, is extremely ambitious, has high aspirations, and wants to wear her professional career. But when asked if she would work in the public sector or the private sector, her response is immediate. The public sector, she says, joust that working for the government offers better pay and job security. But what if a private sector role is more tailored to Salems qualifications, and will give her a expectation to achieve her dreams better? If I am stable in my financial status, and I find something that will really develop my career path in the private sector, then I might go for it, she says. Salems opinion, mirrored by many other teenaged Emiratis like her, is one of the reasons that the governments emiratiza tion program has still not significantly boosted the number of UAE nationals entering the private sector. According to recent figures, 80 share of the UAE nationals work in public sector. The reasons for this are obvious the salaries are better (the UAE cabinet recently granted a 70 percent pay elevator for nationals working in the federal government), the hours are usually shorter, and the jobs are secure.An estimated 12 percent of the Emiratis are unemployed, according to the International Council on Security and Development. A firsthand reason for this is that UAE nationals tend to pursue employment in the public sector, rather than the more diverse private sector. They know that they will have a chance in the public sector, says Salem. I think they have hope, and they are given hope. I think that as an Emirati, the message that I get is that there is a space for me in the governmental sector. Salem points out that Emiratis who are choosy about finding a particular kind of job could face a long search but those who broaden their criteria have many jobs to choose from.

Germans and people Essay

From the very days of the establishment of Republic in Germany after WW-I, Germany lacked stability. Its foreign policy was not apprehended by Germans and people believed that the Republic was responsible for the humiliation that was meted to Germany after the war. Republic also failed to assert itself strongly in the international affairs. Added to this the great world-wide depression (1929) sternly hit Germany, which was already passing through acute economic crisis. Germans felt greatly worried and disillusioned. It was at this state of economic affairs of Germany, that Hitler rose to excrescence by his ships company NAZI.more in the third page on Hitlers Nazism. RISE OF FASCISM Out of chaos and disorder, fascist party emerged with Mussolini as its leader. The Fascists wore drab shirts as uniform and drilled themselves in the military companies. The found a secret organization by name carbonary to spread nationalist ideas. The principles of fascism a contrasted democracy, c ollectivism and liberalism. bIt placed the interests of the nation above all interests. cIt deprived capitalists of all their wealth and also prohibited the labourers to go on strike. dthey believed that their washables was the most superior turn tail in the world.They did not believe in peace. They advocated that War to a nation what maternity is to women. RISE OF IMPERIALISM Imperialism is a form of exploitation of one nation by another mainly for two purposes. The first being for industrial purposes and secondly aggressive nationalism. Japan attained victory over Manchuria in 1931 and started systematic conquests of mainlands in China. MILITARY PREPARATIONS Compulsory military education was introduced by Japan, Germany and Italy. Russia gathered war planes, military troops and mechanized army.FAILURE OF LEAGUE OF NATIONSThe league failed to stop the race for arms while Germany and Japan did not respect the principles of League. Born in Austria in 1889, he was a great orator and public speaker. He opposed parliamentary system after being upset by Treaty of Versailles. His book Mein Kamf became a sort of Nazi Bible. All those who opposed him were hunted aside of the country or lead to the gallows. After the post of Chancellor, he declared himself as dictator of Germany and rose to power of prominence admist of Germans economic crisis.Hitlers imperialist devices caused tensions in the world and became responsible for another World War. MUSSOLINI Mussolini was born 1883. He started his political career as a socialist agitator. He advocated anti-communist ideas. His fascist party was supported by industrialists. Mussolini joined hands with Hitler and signed an anti-communist pact and thus caused the outbreak of World War-II. Finally he was killed by his own people and fascism came to an end. SPAIN state of war and JAPANs attack on Pearl Harbour infuriated another Super Power America and promulgated the outbreak of WW-II.

Glmaorizing Teen Pregnancy Essay

Media, specific exclusivelyy telecasting has codn the issue of juvenile gestation to a whole other level. The orients 16 and Pregnant, Teen mammary gland, and The Secret Life of the American teenaged document the lives of raw teenage girls facing the issue of universe a expectant teenager. Originally created to show the controversial subject of teen pregnancy, all of these shows shortly began to change. As the seasons continued in all deuce-ace of these shows, the controversial subject of teen pregnancy soon became a glorifying concept. What was first viewed as just a fantasy is now bonnie a realness for many teenagers.Viewers of these shows atomic number 18 now perceive that teen pregnancy isnt all that bad it may even be considered normal gibe to MTV and ABC Family. The teenage celebrities on these shows are making it by dint of life just fine delineation that anyone else can too. Yes, these teenagers may wipe forbidden faced hard times in the beginning, an d at the nullify of the day, their lives are unrealistically viewed as ordinary. Both MTV and ABC Family depict the lifestyle of world a heavy(predicate) teenager to be somewhat glamorizing. The reality television show 16 and Pregnant was first air out on MTV on June 11, 2009.This show follows the stories of four pregnant teenage girls Farrah, Maci, Amber and Catelynn that are in racy school dealing with the hardships of teenage pregnancy. Each episode follows a five to seven month end in the life of a teenager as she navigates the bumpy terrain of adolescence, growing pains, rebellion, and coming of age all trance dealing with being pregnant (MTV. com). During the first few episodes of season one, the struggles of dealing with teenage pregnancy seemed difficult and nearly impossible.MTV portrayed each girl as if they were not going to make it through this crisis they were about to face, and their lives were soon coming to an end because being a pregnant teen was not acceptab le. As the show continued and episodes passed, these so called hardships, no longer seemed to be that difficult. With all the support from their families and/or boyfriends that they collectd, these teenage girls were able to hurt through this bump in the road pretty well. Not only did they get support from mountain they knew, they received the most(prenominal) of their support from MTV.While teenage pregnancy might have started out rough, becoming an MTV celebrity could not have been too bad. According to Arienne Thompson, author of 16, Pregnant and far-famed Teem florists chrysanthemums Are TVs New Stars, All four women are mainstays on ground forces TODAYs Celebrity Heat Index, which measures media exposure Portwood Amber topped the list for October, beating out Angelina Jolie and Prince William. The moms are regularly on the covers of People and Us Weekly and have Facebook fan pages dedicated to them (USA Today).Putting the stars of these reality shows on a magazine cover puts them in the selfsame(prenominal) place as any other famous person. The message that is being sent out to girls is that if they get pregnant as a allow of being sexually active, then they too can end up on TV or on a magazine cover. Being sixteen and pregnant may not be the most ideal lifestyle, but becoming more popular than an experienced, well-known actress at the age of sixteen is another(prenominal) falsehood. Viewers of 16 and Pregnant now see that if they become pregnant at a young age, they also can have the chance to become famous alike Farrah, Maci, Amber and Catelynn did.MTV did not try to stop there though. As if these girls were not famous enough, as a continuation of 16 and Pregnant, MTV ethereal Teen Mom on December 8, 2009, only six short months after(prenominal) the broadcast of 16 and Pregnant took place. This show takes the four teenagers from 16 and Pregnant, and documents their first few age of motherhood. Receiving more attention than before, MTV ha s millions of viewers watching Teen Mom each week, making these teenage celebrities even more famous. Teen Mom executive producer Morgan J.Freeman says, The concern for teens, however, is what else they may see in the show. While the Teen Mom stars have their share of struggles on the small screen each week, paparazzi shots and tabloid covers manage to rip them out of the context of MTV and place them in the realm of celebrity (USA Today). Even celebrities agree that the characters on these shows are becoming too idolized. Kim Kardashian boldly states that It seems like shows like Teen Mom are all of a fast making teen pregnancy look cool in the eyes of young girls.She even goes a step farther and says that the girls from the shows have become almost like celebrities, but girls these are not people you should idolize (Jadebt13). Along with MTV, ABC Family decided to air a show following the life of a pregnant teenager. On, July 1, 2008, ABC Family aired the show, The Secret Life o f the American Teenager, which became the networks most watched serial publication in the 12-34 demographic (McKay 1). This show follows the character Amy Jergen through her pregnant life, and also through her life of being a mother.In the first season, Amy realizes that she has become pregnant, and does not know how to tell her friends or family. This season shows the struggles that Amy faces while being pregnant, but as the season comes to an end, life become simpler to Amy. The Secret Life of the American Teenagers glamorizes her teen pregnancy by having the schools marching band play their instruments as Amy first returns back to school after finding out that she has become pregnant which is a little unrealistic.Not only does this event take place, but also Amys boyfriend, which is not the father of her soon to be son, proposes the idea of getting matrimonial and helping her take care of the baby. At the start of the second season, Amy has her baby boy, named John. With the bir th of John everything soon turned into a fairytale ending, and her life completely turned around her boyfriend problems fall into place, and she started to receive support from her family, friends and community.This season sent out the message to its viewers that if you become pregnant as a teenager, you will have support from surrounding people, when that is not always the case. In conclusion, television is glamorizing the lifestyle of pregnant teenagers. The shows 16 and Pregnant, Teen Mom, and The Secret Life of the American Teenager all have different story lines to them, but in the end, they all show that some good can come out of being a pregnant teen. 6 and Pregnant and Teen Mom are both reality television shows that idolize the glamour of being pregnant by the publicizing these girls not only on MTV, but also in outside sources such as magazines. The Secret Life of the American Teenager on the other hand, is a scripted television show that depicts teen pregnancy as being a j oy, fun, and simple by showing how great life can be having a baby at such a young age. Both MTV and ABC Family chose to air similar concept shows around the same time period that glamorized teen pregnancy when realistic having a baby in your teen years is not ideal, nor a pleasure.